Practical Retail Math
Module Two: Terms, Discounts and Dating

It is common for vendors to offer discounts to encourage prompt payment. When deciding whether to take a payment discount, consider your availability of cash and if the merchandise is in and received.

Cash Discounts
Cash discounts are a percentage deduction from the invoice cost before shipping. They are noted as "X/Y/net Z" where:

X = percentage discount available
Y = number of days from the invoice date that payment is due in order to receive the discount
Z = standard time within which the invoice must be paid in full

An invoice for $1,000 is dated 7/1/99 with terms of 5/10/net 30.
  • The cash discount is 5% of the invoice cost before freight.
  • The last day to take the discount is July 11.  (July 1 + 10 days)
  • The invoice is due in full on July 31.  (July 1 + 30 days)

Variable Discounts
To encourage early payment for goods, vendors sometimes offer a sliding scale of discounts called "variable discounts." Variable discounts are calculated as a percentage that is deducted from the invoice cost before shipping. The earlier the store makes payment on the goods, the greater the discount.  These discounts are noted as "X1/Y1/X2/Y2/X3/Y3/..." where:

X1 = percentage discount available
Y1 = number of days from the invoice date that payment is due in order to receive the X1 discount
X2 = percentage discount available
Y2 = number of days from the invoice date that payment is due in order to receive the X2 discount
X3 = percentage discount available
Y3 = number of days from the invoice date that payment is due in order to receive the X3 discount

An invoice for $2,500 is dated 5/1/00 with terms of 5/30/4/60/3/90.
  • A 5% cash discount before freight ($125) is available through May 31. (May 1 + 30 days)
  • A 4% cash discount before freight ($100) is available through June 30. (May 1 + 60 days)
  • A 3% cash discount before freight ($75) is available through July 30. (May 1 + 90 days)

End-of-Month Dating
End-of-Month dating indicates that a percentage deduction from the invoice cost before shipping is available beginning the last day of the month for which the invoice is dated.  This is noted as "X/Y E.O.M." where:

X = percentage discount available
Y = number of days from the last day of the month in which the invoice is dated that payment is due in order to receive the discount

An invoice for $3,250 is dated 7/2/00 with terms of 2/10 E.O.M.
  • The cash discount is 2% of the invoice cost before freight ($65).
  • The last day to take the discount is August 10. (July 31 + 10 days)

Module Two Quiz